Sources & Methodology
54 primary sources from Eurostat, national statistical offices, the European Commission, and academic research. Every number on this site traces to a cited source.
Tier 1
Official statistical databases, government projections, peer-reviewed research. Eurostat, Destatis, BFS, UN Population Division.
Tier 2
Institutional reports, industry surveys, qualified analyses. OECD, ILO, Allianz Research, European Labour Authority.
M. Methodology
How the data behind each page is sourced, processed, and projected.
Population Data
Historical population by age, sex, and country from Eurostat databases demo_pjan, demo_gind, and demo_pjanage. Natural change and net migration computed from vital statistics.
Projections
EUROPOP2023 baseline scenario (proj_23np) for EU-27 projections through 2100. No-migration variants shown for comparison. DACH countries use national projections (Destatis 16th coordinated, Statistik Austria 2025, BFS 2025).
AI Substitution Matrix
Cross-references ISCO-08 occupation groups with AI exposure zones from ai-exposure.nexalps.com. Zones A through D classify occupations by displacement risk and augmentation potential.
DACH-Specific Data
Germany: Destatis + Bundesagentur für Arbeit. Austria: Statistik Austria + AMS + ibw. Switzerland: BFS + Adecco Fachkräftemangel Index + Grenzgängerstatistik. All projections are baseline scenarios.
Swiss Migration Composition
SEM Jahresstatistik Zuwanderung 2025 (official annual immigration statistics). BFS Demografische Verlaufsstatistik (DVS) — longitudinal population data since 2010. BFS Demos 1/2023 (international migration flows during COVID). SEM Erwerbssituation von vorläufig Aufgenommenen und Flüchtlingen 2025 (refugee labour market integration by cohort). Migration composition data covers origin, permit type, sector, and integration outcomes.